-

Wild plants suitable for bees in Easter Ross

WILD PLANTS IN EASTER ROSS
WHICH ARE OF VALUE TO THE BEEKEEPER
N = nectar; P = pollen; * good; ** very good.

Spring - Early Summer
Whin/gorse (N*P**), dry banks, field edges, extensive                                                                Feb-Apr
Willow, several species (N**,P**), woodland edge, by rivers lochans, extensive                     Apr-May
Dandelion (P**), grassland, road verges                                                                                      Apr-May
Bluebell/wild hyacinth (N**), woodland edge, clearings, dry sunny banks                                 May
Blaeberry (N*), moorland, woodland edge (birch-pine)                                                              May
Sloe/blackthorn (N*), woodland edge, field edge                                                                        Apr
Broom (P**), dry banks, field edges                                                                                             May-Jun
Rowan (P*,N ), woodland and edge                                                                                             May
Gean (P, N*), woodland and edge                                                                                                May

Early - Mid Summer
Raspberry (N**,P*), woodland edge and clearings; road verges                                             Jun-Jul
Hawthorn (N*,P*), hedgerow, field edge                                                                                      May-Jun
Elder (P*), woodland edge, gardens                                                                                           Jun
Wild rose, several species (P*,N*), road verge, field edge, woodland edge                         May-Jul
Bishopweed (N P ), old garden and pasture, road verge                                                         May-Jul
Cow parsley (N P ), old garden and pasture, road verge
Thyme (N*), dry heathy banks, gravelly stream margins                                                          (Jun-Aug)
White clover (N**,P ), field, pasture, grass verges                                                                   (Jun-Aug)
Meadowsweet (N P ), wet, ungrazed meadows, loch and stream margins                           (Jul-Aug)
Tufted vetch (N*), grassy banks, hedgerows                                                                             Jun-Aug
Bird's-foot-trefoil, (N ,P*), short grassy turf                                                                                 Jun-Jul
Purple dead-nettle (N*), margins of cultivated ground                                                              Jun-Aug
Bramble (N**,P*), hedgerows, woodland edge                                                                        Jun-Sep
Willowherb (N**,P*), woodland margin and clearings, field edge                                           (Jul-Aug)
Marsh cinquefoil (N*), peaty loch margins, fens                                                                         Jun-Jul
Thistles (creeping, spear, marsh)(N**,P*), road verges, damp pasture                                  Jun-Aug
Bell heather (N**,P*), dry heath, rocky knolls                                                                              Jun-Jul

Late Summer - Autumn
Ling heather (N**,P**), Dry moor, pinewood edge and clearings                                             Aug-Sep
Ragwort (N**,P**), waste ground, old dry pasture, grass verges                                              Aug-Oct
Ivy (N*), walls, trees                                                                                                                         Oct-Nov

While pollen or nectar may be collected from any of the above species in season, it is where they are available in quantity that surplus may be collected. Where local conditions provide this situation then almost any of the above species may provide a significant contribution.
In practice, however, only a small number of these species of wild plant indicated as good or very good on the table are significant contributors to surplus, the main ones being willows, whin/broom, raspberry, white clover, willowherb, heather and
ragwort. In fact many of the main nectar sources are naturalised imported species rather than native species, the main ones being policy tree such as sycamore, horse chestnut and lime, which, along with garden and commercial crops such as oil seed rape, beans, fruit bushes (e.g. raspberry) and trees (e.g. apple) are major sources of supply for many local beekeepers.

The source and date of this information has been lost in the midst of time and the document only recently surfaced in our file of beekeeping literature.  Please inform me of any inconsistencies/inaccuracies.